Topic 7,8,9 - LearnAcademy

Gender refers to the social and cultural differences between males and females, while sex refers to biological differences.
Gender role is society’s expectations of males and females, and gender bias is the unfair treatment based on gender.

National Identity: A sense of belonging to one’s country.
Patriotism: Love and devotion to one’s country, including a willingness to sacrifice for it.

Vital registration refers to the process of keeping important records about citizens. These include:

Birth Registration:
- A legal record of a child’s birth at a hospital or clinic.
- Importance:
  - Provides vital records about citizens.
  - Helps in national development planning through statistics.
  - Prevents age cheating.
Death Registration:
- Records deaths that occur, especially in hospitals.
- Importance:
  - Provides data on major causes of death.
  - Helps with national planning and healthcare improvements.
Voter Registration:
- Identifies eligible citizens for voting.
- Importance:
  - Prevents unqualified individuals from voting.
  - Helps the electoral commission in planning elections.
  - Prevents people from voting multiple times.
Marriage Registration:
- Official registration of a marriage, leading to the issuance of a marriage certificate.
- Importance:
  - Helps the government track the number of households for planning purposes.
Business Registration:
- Registers businesses with the government.
- Importance:
  - Helps estimate tax revenue.
  - Maintains records of businesses in the country.
National Identity Card:
- An official identification card issued to all citizens.
- Importance:
  - Confirms citizenship.
  - Prevents illegal immigration.
  - Promotes unity across ethnic and tribal lines.
  - Fosters pride, loyalty, and patriotism.

Civic Rights: Entitlements and privileges exclusively enjoyed by citizens.
Duty: Obligations imposed by law on citizens.
Responsibility: Moral obligations to do something for the benefit of oneself and others.
Responsible Citizenship: Enjoying civic rights while fulfilling duties and responsibilities.

Right to Vote:
- Every Malawian aged 18 and above has the right to vote.
Right to Form or Join a Political Party:
- Citizens can participate in political processes and organizations.
Right to Protection:
- Right to be protected by the state and its institutions.
Freedom of Movement and Residence:
- The right to move freely and reside anywhere within the country.
Right to Stand for Election for Public Office:
- Eligible citizens can run for public office.
Right to Social Services:
- Access to essential social services such as healthcare and education.
Right to Economic Welfare:
- Right to access resources and opportunities for economic well-being.
Right to Participate in Civic Affairs:
- Involvement in community and civic activities.

Formulate Policies and Enact Laws:
- To protect the environment and ensure public welfare.
Source Funding for Healthcare:
- Training medical professionals and building hospitals.
Establish Police Services:
- To enforce laws and ensure public safety.
Establish Defence Forces:
- To protect the country from external threats.
Establish Courts:
- To promote justice and resolve legal disputes.
Build Schools and Provide Learning Materials:
- To ensure access to education.

Promotes Unity:
- Fosters national cohesion and togetherness.
Promotes Good Health:
- Contributes to a healthier society.
Promotes Development:
- Supports social and economic progress.
Promotes Peace:
- Reduces conflict and fosters harmonious living.
Reduces Crime Rate:
- Encourages law-abiding behavior.
Promotes Justice:
- Ensures fairness and equality before the law.
Promotes Collective Ownership of Resources:
- Ensures shared responsibility for resources.
Helps Young People to Excel:
- Provides a positive environment for youth development.
Promotes Good Care of the Environment:
- Encourages sustainable practices.
Prevents Wastage of Resources:
- Ensures efficient use of resources.

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